Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory

Our research investigates the location and dynamics of mental function in the brain. This includes the use of neuroimaging to help delineate the functional architecture of working memory systems in the brain and their breakdown in psychopathology. In addition, we are involved with the development of psychophysiological measurement systems and with the development of an international database of brain and cognitive function.

Chief Investigator

Prof C Richard Clark, BA Hons, PhD

Postdoctoral Scholars

Dr Kathryn Moores, BA (Hons), PhD
Dr Marnie Shaw, BSc (Hons), PhD

Support Staff

Rebecca Penrose, BPsyc(Hons)
Marie Conway, BSc
Soheyla Faradhi, B Psyc(Hons)
Emily Bashah, BPsyc(Hons)
Owen Churches
Faye Forbes, BBSc
Alyssa Sawyer, BPysc(Hons)

Students

Hannah Keage, BBNSc, BBSc(Hons), PhD student
Sean Fitzgibbon , BSc(Hons), PhD student
Vikki Wise , BSc(Hons), PhD student
Melinda Veltmeyer, BPsyc(Hons), PhD student
Therese Mayo, BA(Hons), PhD student
Dylan DeLosAngeles, PhD student
Luke Broomhall, PhD student

Contacts

Prof Richard Clark

Ph: (08) 8201 2425 Int Ph: +61 8 8201 2425 Fax: (08) 8201 3877 Int Fax: +61 8 8201 3877 Email: richard.clark@flinders.edu.au

Research Projects

• Brain dynamics during working memory function assessed by fMRI and high resolution EEG
• International Brain Database project
• Brain-Computer Interface
• Investigating the neurocognitive profile of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and its treatment
• Information processing and arousal in Posttraumatic stress disorder

Collaborative Research

Prof Richard Bryant, University of Sydney

Prof David Crewther, Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University

Assoc Prof Gary Egan, Howard Florey Institute, Melbourne

Assoc Prof Evian Gordon, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney

Dr Richard Greenblatt, Source Signal Imaging, San Diego, USA

Dr Chris Lamb, Paediatrician

Prof Sandy McFarlane, University of Adelaide

Dr Philip Morris, University of Queensland

Dr James Taylor, Director of Radiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital

Assoc Prof Lea Williams, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney

Dr Michael Tlauka, Flinders University

Assoc Prof Robert Paul, Brown Medical School

Dr Darren Weber, University of California, San Francisco, USA

Brain Resource Company Ltd, Industry partner

Media Appearances / Reports

The Investigator, "Brain to computer, a new realm of possibilities", p3, Autumn 2008.

ABC Radio Interview with Carol Whitelock (7 August 2007) "The Brain Resource International Database".

2HD – Newcastle (2007) "ADHD research". Radio interview of PhD student Hannah Keage.

The Australian (16 July 2007). Adelaide Independent and Canberra Times, (interview of PhD student Hannah Keage) “Card game sheds light on ADHD”. (article online http://theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22082359-1702,00.html)

The Advertiser (3 April 2007) "New treatment for young brain disorders". p18 (authored).

The Advertiser (30 March 2007) "New technique draws attention to ADHD".

Canberra Times (18 Apr 2005) “Sit back and relax and take it in”. Commentary on brain function studies showing the acquisition of learning in the brain via observation. p6

ABC News in Science (8 Apr 2005) "Sport for couch potatoes" - http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s1341144.htm

The Advertiser (8 Feb 2005) “Think fast – which is the smarter sex”. Page 19

Channel 7 (Jun 2004) News report on ADHD study

ABC Adelaide (25 Feb 2004) Interview on ADHD project funded by ARC Linkage grant

Plenty Valley FM (Victoria), (25 Feb 2004) “Morning Magazine” Radio interview on ADHD project funded by ARC Linkage grant

ABC Northern Territory (25 Feb 2004) Radio interview on ADHD project funded by ARC Linkage grant

6PR Perth (25 Feb 2004) Radio interview on ADHD project funded by ARC Linkage grant

SA-FM / 3MMM, (25 Feb 2004) Radio interview on ADHD project funded by ARC Linkage grant

West Australian (21 Feb 2004) “ADHD Fact or Fiction. Science points way to objective diagnostic fix”. Page 8

ABC Radio – PM program and News radio (Dec 19 2003) ADHD ARC Linkage Grant

ABC Southern Queensland (Dec 16 2003) ADHD ARC Linkage Grant

The Australian (Nov 11 2003) Report on National ADHD Consortium study funded by ARC

SBS Radio (Nov 11 2003) Report on National ADHD Consortium study funded by ARC

ninemsn.com.au (2003) News article on ARC Linkage grant on ADHD

Publications

Sawyer A, Clark CR, Keage H, Moores K, Clarke S, Kohn M, Gordon E (In press) Cognitive and electroencephalographic disturbances in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and sleep problems. New Insights Psychiatry Research

Seckfort DL, Robert P, Grieve SM, Vandenburg B, Bryant R, Williams LM, Clark CR, Cohen RA, Bruce S, Gordon E (In press) Early life stress on brain structure and function across the lifespan: a preliminary study . Brain Imaging and Behaviour

Broomhall L, Clark CR, McFarlane AC, O’Donnell M, Bryant R, Brooks R, Creamer M (In press) Early stage assessment and course of acute stress disorder following mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

Clark CR, Galletly CA, Ash DJ, Moores KA, Penrose R, McFarlane AC (In press) Evidence based medicine evaluation of electrophysiological studies of the Anxiety Disorders. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience

Kemp AH, Hopkinson PJ, Rowe DL, Sumich AL, Clark CR, Drinkenburg W, Abdi N, Penrose R, McFarlane A, Boyce P, Gordon E & Williams LM (In press) Fronto-temporal alterations within the first 200ms during an attentional task distinguish major depression, non-clinical participants with depressed mood and healthy controls: A potential biomarker? Human Brain Mapping

Shaw ME, Moores KA, Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Strother SC, Bryant RA, Brown GC & Taylor JD (In press) Functional connectivity reveals inefficient working memory systems in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatric Research: Neuroimaging

Bryant RA, Creamer M, O’Donnell M, Silove D, Clark CR & McFarlane AC (In press) Post Traumatic Amnesia and the nature of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience

Paul R, Grieve S, Chaudary B, Gordon N, Lawrence J, Cooper N, Clark CR, Kukla M & Gordon E (In press) Relative contributions of cerebellar vermis and frontal lobe volumes on cognitive function across the adult lifespan. Neurobiology of Aging. Provisionally

Henry L, Grieve SM, Paul R, Guilmette TJ, Niaura R, Bryant R, Williams LM, Clark CR, Cohen RA, Bruce S & Gordon E (In press) The relationship between early life stress and microstructural integrity of the corpus callosum in a non-clinical population. Journal of Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment

Moores KA, Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Brown GC, Puce A & Taylor DJ (2008) Abnormal recruitment of working memory updating networks during maintenance of trauma-neutral information in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 163 (2): 156-170

Gunstad J, Spitznagel MB, Paul RH, Cohen RA, Kohn M, Clark CR, Williams LM & Gordon E (2008) Body mass index and cognitive function in healthy children and adolescents. Appetite, 50(2-3) :246-51

Falconer EM, Felmingham KL, Williams LM, Gordon E, Clark CR, Bryant RA (2008) Developing an integrated brain, behaviour and biological response profile in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 7, 439 – 456

Keage HAD, Clark CR, Hermens DF, Williams LM, Kohn MR, Clarke S, Lamb C, Crewther D & Gordon E (2008) ERP indices of working memory updating in AD/HD: differential aspects of development, subtype and medication. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 25(1), 1-10

Alexander DM, Hermens DF, Keage H, Clark CR, Williams LM, Kohn M, Clarke S, Lamb C & Gordon E (2008) Event-related EEG wave activity provides new marker of ADHD. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology,119(1):163-79

Williams LM, Hermens DF, Palmer D, Liddell BJ, Kohn M, Clarke S, Keage H, Clark CR & Gordon E (2008) Misinterpreting emotional expressions in ADHD: Evidence for a neural marker and stimulant efficacy. Biological Psychiatry, 63: 917-926

Keage HAD, Clark CR, Hermens DF, Williams LM, Kohn MR, Clarke S, Lamb C, Crewther D & Gordon G (2008) Putative biomarker of working memory systems development during childhood and adolescence. NeuroReport, 19(2), 197-201

Shankman SA, Silverstein SM, Williams LM, Hopkinson PJ, Kemp AH, Felmingham KL, Bryant RA, McFarlane A & Clark CR (2008) Resting EEG asymmetry and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(2):190-8

Williams LM, Gatt JM, Hatch A, Palmer DM, Nagy M, Rennie C, Cooper NJ, Morris C, Grieve S, Dobson-Stone C, Schofield P, Clark CR, Gordon E & Paul RH (2008) The integrate model of emotion, thinking and self regulation: An application to the “paradox of aging”. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 7, 367-404

Henry L, Grieve SM, Paul R, Guilmette TJ, Niaura R, Bryant R, Williams LM, Clark CR, Cohen RA, Bruce S & Gordon E (2008) The relationship between early life stress and microstructural integrity of the corpus callosum in a non-clinical population. Journal of Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 4(1):193-201

Whitham EM, Lewis T, Pope KJ, Fitzgibbon SP, Clark CR, Loveless S, DeLosAngeles D, Wallace AK, Broberg M, Willoughby JO (2008) Thinking activates EMG in scalp electrical recordings. Clinical Neurophysiology, 119(5), 1166-1175

Gatt JM, Clark CR, Kemp AH, Liddell BJ, Dobson-Stone C, Kuan SA, Schofield PR, Williams LM (2007) A genotype-endophenotype-phenotype path model of depressed mood: integrating cognitive and emotional markers. J Integr Neurosci. 6(1):75-104

Hermens DF, Cooper NJ, Clark CR, Debrota D, Clarke SD, Williams LM (2007) An integrative approach to determine the best behavioral and biological markers of methylphenidate. J Integr Neurosci. 6(1):105-40

Whitford TJ, Rennie C, Grieve SM, Clark CR, Gordon E, Williams LM (2007) Brain maturation in adolescence: concurrent changes in MRI and EEG. Human Brain Mapping .28(2):228-35

Grieve SM, Williams LM, Paul RH, Clark CR, Gordon E (2007) Cognitive aging, executive function and fractional anisotropy in the frontal lobe: A Diffusion Tensor MRI study. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 28(2):226-35

Paul RH, Gunstad J, Cooper N, Williams LM, Clark CR, Cohen RA, Lawrence JJ and Gordon E (2007) Cross cultural assessment of neuropsychological performance and electrical brain function measures: additional validation of an international brain database. International Journal of Neuroscience. 117(4):549-68

Galletly CA, MacFarlane AS, Clark CR (2007) Impaired updating of working memory in schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol. 63(3):265-74

Gordon E, Liddell BJ, Brown KJ, Bryant R, Clark CR, DAS P, Dobson-Stone C, Falconer E, Felmingham K, Flynn G, Gatt JM, Harris A, Hermens DF, Hopkinson PJ, Kemp AH, Kuan SA, Lazzaro I, Moyle J, Paul RH, Rennie CJ, Schofield P, Whitford T, Williams LM (2007) Integrating objective gene-brain-behavior markers of psychiatric disorders. J Integr Neurosci. 6(1):1-34. Review

Paul R, Grieve SM, Chaudary B, Gordon N, Lawrence J, Cooper N, Clark CR, Kukla M, Mulligan R, Gordon E (2007) Relative contributions of the cerebellar vermis and prefrontal lobe volumes on cognitive function across the adult lifespan. Neurobiol Aging. [Epub ahead of print]

Fitzgibbon SP, Powers DM, Pope KJ, Clark CR (2007) Removal of EEG noise and artifact using blind source separation. J Clin Neurophysiol. 24(3):232-43

Whitham EM, Pope KJ, Fitzgibbon SP, Lewis T, Clark CR, Loveless S, Broberg M, Wallace A, DeLosAngeles D, Lillie P, Hardy A, Fronsko R, Pulbrook A, Willoughby JO (2007) Scalp electrical recording during paralysis: quantitative evidence that EEG frequencies above 20 Hz are contaminated by EMG. Clin Neurophysiol. 118(8):1877-88

Moores KA, Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Brown GC, Puce A, Taylor DJ (2006) Abnormal recruitment of brain networks during trauma-neutral verbal working memory processing in PTSD. Acta Neuropsyhiatrica, Dec (published abstract)

Paul RH, Brickman A, Williams L, Niaura R, Cohen R, Pogun S, Clark R, Gordon E (2006) Cognitive status of young and older cigarette smokers: data from the international brain database. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 13: 457-465

Keage HAD, Clark CR, Hermens DF, Clark S, Kohn M, Williams L, Crewther D, Lamb C & Gordon E (2006) Distractibility in AD/HD Inattentive and Combined Subtypes: the P3a ERP component, peripheral arousal and performance. The Journal of Integrative Neuroscience 5(1), 139-158

Cohen RA, Grieve S, Hoth K, Paul RA, Sweet L, Tate D, Gunstad J, Stroud L, McCaffrey J, Hitsman B, Niaura R, Clark R, MacFarlane A, Bryant RA, Gordon E & Williams LM (2006) Early life stress and morphometry of the adult anterior cingulate cortex and caudate nuclei. Biological Psychiatry 59, 975 – 982

Keage HAD, Clark CR, Hermens DF, Clark S, Kohn M, Williams L, Crewther D, Lamb C & Gordon E (2006) Inappropriate Assimilation of Information in Working Memory in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Supplement: 109

Veltmeyer MD, Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Felmingham KL, Bryant RA & Gordon E (2006) Integrative assessment of brain function in PTSD: brain stability and working memory. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience 5(1): 123-138

Kemp AH, Hopkinson PJ, Clark CR, Gordon E, Bryant R and Williams L (2006) Predicting Severity of Non-Clinical Depression: Preliminary Findings Using an Integrated Approach. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience 5(1): 89-100

Brickman AM, Zimmerman ME, Paul RH, Grieve SM, Tate DF, Cohen RA, Williams LM, Clark CR & Gordon E (2006) Regional white matter and neuropsychological functioning across the adult lifespan. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 444 – 453

Clark CR, Paul RH, Williams LM, Arns M, Fallahpour K, Handmer C, Gordon G (2006) Standardized assessment of cognitive functioning across the full age-span using an automated touchscreen battery. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 21: 449–467

Zimmerman ME, Brickman AM, Paul RH, Grieve SM, Tate DT, Gunstad J, Cohen RA, Aloia MS, Williams LM, Clark R, Whitford TJ, Gordon E (2006) The relationship between frontal grey matter volume and cognition varies across the healthy adult lifespan. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 14(10):823-33

Weber DL, Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Egan GF, Morris P, Sonkkilla C, Soda J (2005) Abnormal frontal and parietal activity during working memory updating in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res. 140(1): 27-44

Paul RH, Clark CR, Lawrence J, Goldberg E, Williams LM, Cooper N, Cohen RA, Brickman AM, Gordon E (2005) Age-dependent change in executive function and gamma 40 Hz phase synchrony. J Integr Neurosci. 4(1):63-76

Galletly CA, Clark CR, McFarlane AC (2005) Clozapine improves working memory updating in schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. Epub

Veltmeyer MD, Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Felmingham KL, Bryant RA, Gordon E (2005) Integrative assessment of brain and cognitive function in post-traumatic stress disorder. J Integr Neurosci. 4(1):145-59

Clark CR, Veltmeyer MD, McFarlane AC, Felmingham K, Bryant R and Gordon E (2005) Left hemisphere vulnerability in PTSD during working memory operations. Neuroimage 26(1): S58

Williams LM, Grieve SM, Whitford TJ, Clark CR, Gur RC, Goldberg E, Flor-Henry P, Peduto AS, Gordon E (2005) Neural synchrony and gray matter variation in human males and females: integration of 40 Hz gamma synchrony and MRI measures. J Integr Neurosci. 4(1):77-93

Paul RH, Lawrence J, Williams LM, Clark CR, Cooper N, Gordon E (2005) Preliminary validity of IntegNeuro: a new computerized battery neurocognitive tests. Int. J. Neuroscience 115(11): 1549-67

Grieve S, Clark CR, Williams LM, Peduto AJ and Gordon E (2005) Preservation of limbic and paralimbic structures in aging. Human Brain Mapping 25(4):391-401

Teubner MD, Nixon JB, Rasser PE, Bottema MJ, Clark CR (2005) Source localisation in a real human head. Brain Topogr. 17(4):197-205

Cooper NJ, Keage H, Hermens D, Williams LM, Debrota D, Clark CR, Gordon E (2005) The dose-dependent effect of methylphenidate on performance, cognition and psychophysiology. J Integr Neurosci. 4(1):123-45

McFarlane A, Clark CR, Bryant RA, Williams LM, Niaura R, Paul RH, Hitsman BL, Stroud L, Alexander DM, Gordon E (2005) The impact of early life stress on psychophysiological, personality and behavioral measures in 740 non-clinical subjects. J Integr Neurosci. 4(1):27-40

Williams LJ, Paul RH, Lawrence J, Clark CR, Cooper N and Gordon G (2005) The test-retest reliability a standardized neurocognitive and neurophysiological test battery: “Neuromarker”. Int. J. Neuroscience 115(12): 1605-30

Kemp AH, Stephan BC, Hopkinson P, Sumich AL, Paul RH, Clark CR, Gordon E, Bryant RA, Williams LM (2005) Toward an integrated profile of depression: evidence from the brain resource international database. J Integr Neurosci. 4(1):95-106

Tlauka M, Keage H and Clark CR (2005) Viewing a map versus reading a description of a map: Modality-specific encoding of spatial information. Cognitive Science 29(5): 807-18

Fitzgibbon SF, Pope KJ, Mackenzie L, Clark CR, Willoughby JO (2004) Cognitive tasks augment gamma EEG power. Clin Neurophysiol. 115(8):1802-9

Galletly C, McFarlane AC, Clark CR (2004) Differentiating cortical patterns of cognitive dysfunction in PTSD and schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 5 (1): S68

Pflieger ME, Moores KA, Clark CR, Greenblatt RE (2004) Event-related causal interaction dynamics of brain regions recruited in a verbal working memory experiment. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience S182

Weber DL, Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Morris P & Egan GF (2004) Event-Related Potentials Indicate Deficient Working Memory in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 35(4): 238-239

Clark CR and Weber D (2004) Modulation of left temporoparietal cortex during word selection. Australian Journal of Psychology 56S: 39-40

Pomeroy D, French HT, Clarke E, Seymour M, Clark CR (2004) Psychophysiological measures of situation awareness. Australian Journal of Psychology 56S: 50

Pomeroy D, Clark CR and Fraser G (2004) Role of working memory in declarative retrieval. Australian Journal of Psychology 56S: 50

Clark CR, Veltmeyer MD, Hamilton RJ, Paul R, Hermens D, Gordon E (2004) Spontaneous alpha peak frequency predicts working memory performance across the age span. International Journal of Psychophysiology 53: 1-9

Keage H, Clark CR and Tlauka M (2004) Visual and verbal spatial processing – and ERP study. Australian Journal of Psychology 56S:45

Willoughby JO, Fitzgibbon SP, Pope KJ, MacKenzie AV, Clark CR, Davey MP, Wilcox R (2003) A persistent abnormality detected in the non-ictal EEG of people with primary generalised epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych. 74: 51-55

Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Morris P, Weber DL, Sonkkilla C, Shaw M, Marcina J, Tochon-Danguy HJ, Egan GF (2003) Cerebral function in posttraumatic stress disorder during verbal working memory updating: a positron emission tomography study. Biol Psychiatry. 53(6): 474-81

Moores KA, Clark CR, Hadfield JL, Brown GC, Taylor DJ, Fitzgibbon SP, Lewis AC, Weber DL, Greenblatt R (2003) Investigating the generators of the scalp recorded visuo-verbal P300 using cortically constrained source localization. Hum Brain Mapp. 18(1):53-77

Willoughby JO, Fitzgibbon SP, Pope KJ, Mackenzie L, Davey M, Wilcox RA, Clark CR (2003) Mental tasks induce gamma EEG with reduced responsiveness in primary generalized epilepsies. Epilepsia 44(11):1406-12

Nixon JB, Rasser PE, Teubner MD, Clark CR and Bottema MJ (2003) Numerical model of electrical potential within a real human head. Int. J. Numer. Meth Engng 56: 2353-2366

Shaw ME, Strother SC, Anderson J, McFarlane AC, Morris P, Clark CR, Egan GE (2002) Abnormal functional connectivity in post­traumatic stress disorder, Neuroimage: 15,661–674

McFarlane AC, Yehuda R, Clark CR (2002) Biologic models of traumatic memories and post-traumatic stress disorder. The role of neural networks. Psychiatr Clin North Am Jun;25(2):253-70

Gavrilescu M, Stuart GW, McStephen M, Shaw M, Svalbe I, Clark CR, Egan GF (2002) Covariance matrix and residual variance estimation for path analysis of functional neuroimaging data, Neuroimage 15 :S418

Clark CR, McFarlane A, Morris P, Weber D, Sonkkilla C, Marcina J, Tochon-Danguy HJ, Egan GF (2002) Investigating the generators of the scalp P300 using cortically constrained source localisation. Neuroimage 15 :S1038

Gavrilescu M, Stuart GW, McStephen M, Shaw M, Svalbe I, Clark CR, Egan GF (2002) Model selection in path analysis of functional neuroimaging data, Neuroimage 15 :S419

Shaw M., Strother S, Anderson J, Egan G, Clark CR (2001) Abnormal functional connectivity in post-traumatic stress disorder: insight from multivariate analysis. Neuroimage 13(6): S245

Moores KA, Clark CR, Brown GC, Taylor DJ, Puce A, Greenblatt RE, McFarlane AC (2001) Comparing methods for cortically constrained source localisation. Neuroimage 13(6): S206

Clark CR, Moores KA, Lewis A., Weber DL, Fitzgibbon S, Greenblatt R, Brown G, Taylor J (2001) Cortical network dynamics during verbal working memory function. Int J Psychophysiol 42(2):67-82

Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Morris P, Weber DL, Sonkkilla C, Marcina J, Tochon-Danguy HJ, Egan GF (2001) Cortical network dysfunction in post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuroimage 13(6): S1038

Galletly CA, Clark CR, McFarlane AC and Weber DL (2001) Working memory in posttraumatic stress disorder - an event-related potential study. Journal of Traumatic Stress 14: 295-309

Moores KA, Lewis AC, Clark CR, Weber DL, Brown G, Puce A, Taylor J, Egan G (2000) A functional MRI study of Working Memory Updating. Brain Topography 12(4):303-319

Pomeroy DE and Clark CR (2000) A high resolution EEG study of activity at prefrontal sites in an exclusion task. Brain Topography 12(4):303-319

Weber DL, Clark CR, McFarlane A, Morris P, Marcina J (2000) Abnormal Stimulus. Evaluation in Post-traumatic Stress disorder, Brain Topography 12(4):303-319

Fraser GJ, Clark CR and Pomeroy DE (2000) Differentiating the processes of visual word recognition using high resolution ERPs. Brain Topography 12(4):303-319

Clark CR, Orr R, Weber DL, Moores K, Lewis A, Pomeroy DE, Fitzgibbon SP, Taylor J, Brown G, Egan G, McFarlane AC and Puce A (2000) Differentiating working memory processes using multimodal imaging. Brain Topography 12(4):303-319

Clark CR (2000) Discussant remarks on memory processes symposium. International Journal of Psychophysiology 35:13-14

Galletly C, Clark CR, McFarlane AC and Weber DL (2000) ERP indices of working memory in schizophrenia. Brain Topography 12(4):303-319

Clark CR, Moores KA, Lewis A, Fitzgibbon S, Orr R, Weber DL, Taylor J, Brown G, Egan G, Morris P, McFarlane AC, Puce A (2000) Investigations of human working memory function using multimodal imaging. International Journal of Psychophysiology 35:3

Van Steenbrugge WJ and Clark CR (2000) Late positivity in sentence processing in response to semantic anomaly, pseudowords and foreign words. The distinctiveness of the P600. Brain Topography 12(4):303-319

Rasser PE, Teubner MD and Clark CR (2000) Numerical model of electrical potential within a human head. ANZIAM Journal 42(E):C1218-C1237

Galletly CA, Clark CR, McFarlane AC and Weber DL (2000) The effect of clozapine on the speed and accuracy of information processing in schizophrenia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 24: 1329-1338

Galletly CA, Clark CR and McFarlane AC (2000) Treating cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 25(2):117-124

Clark CR, Egan GF, McFarlane AC, Morris P, Weber DL, Sonkkilla C, Marcina J, Tochon-Danguy HJ (2000) Updating working memory for words: a PET activation study. Human Brain Mapping 9(1):42-54

Updated May 25, 2009